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Hallux Rigidus

ICD 10 - R: M20.21 / L: M20.22

Hallux rigidus is a type of foot disorder. The area in this condition targeted is the hallux metatarsal phalangeal joint. The joint brings together the metatarsal, proximal phalanx and sesamoids of the hallux. Biomechanically, the big toe and the forces running through the big toe are important when actively moving around. The limited motion in the hallux can make physical activity difficult and painful. Hallux rigidus is also a progressive condition, and in its earlier stage, this condition is called hallux limitus.

Causes of this condition can be due to arthritis, trauma, overuse or dysfunctional biomechanics.  

Symptoms:

• Pain and stiffness of the big toe due during physical activity
• Swelling and inflammation of the affected joint
• Difficulty performing physical activities
• Limping and a modified gait
• Bone spurs

Diagnosis:

To diagnose this condition a clinician will observe the affected area and determine the range of motion of the joint. The clinician may observe the patient’s gait and order X-rays to evaluate the severity of the condition.  

Treatment:

Early treatment can remediate some of the issues with hallux rigidus. Mild cases can be treated with shoe modifications, orthotics, NSAIDs and physical therapy. Cases of hallux rigidus that continue to progress due to arthritis are likely to be treated with surgery to reduce pain and increase the functionality of the big toe.  

Sources:

https://footcaremd.org/conditions-treatments/toes/big-toe-arthritis-hallux-rigidus 
https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/hallux-rigidus